We also found, within psychopaths, a correlation between measures of antisocial behaviour and anatomical differences in the UF. We report significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) ( P<0.003), an indirect measure of microstructural integrity, in the UF of psychopaths compared with age- and IQ-matched controls. Therefore, we used in vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) tractography to analyse the microstructural integrity of the UF in psychopaths (defined by a Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) score of ⩾25) with convictions that included attempted murder, manslaughter, multiple rape with strangulation and false imprisonment. Nobody, however, has ever studied the white matter connections (such as the uncinate fasciculus (UF)) linking these structures in psychopaths. Earlier studies suggested that dysfunction of the amygdala and/or orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) may underpin psychopathy. However, the biological basis of psychopathy remains poorly understood. Psychopathy is strongly associated with serious criminal behaviour (for example, rape and murder) and recidivism.
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